Abstract: (Claudiu Isopescu (1894-1956) between memory and oblivion). Our paper, the result of an interdisciplinary research, is part of the broader framework of Italian-Romanian cultural relations in the interwar period. One of the most important promoters of Romanian culture and literature in Italy was Claudiu Isopescu (1894-1956), founder of the Department of Romanian Language and Literature at the University "La Sapienza" in Rome. Although known in Romanian scientific circles, his figure is less valued in current studies, both in Romania and in Italy. We will try to understand the reasons for this absence and we will bring back into discussion, and into memory, less analysed aspects of his work, such as the translations of Romanian literature in Italy. Great Romanian authors (Caragiale, Coșbuc, Eminescu, Creangă, Sadoveanu, Rebreanu, Slavici, etc.) were translated, under his direct supervision, by Isopescu's Italian students (C. Ruberti, A. Silvestri-Giorgi, A. Carsia, L. Cialdea, etc.). Also under his direct supervision, the first Italian monographs of Romanian writers were published, most of them in the collection "Piccola Biblioteca Romena". We will also explore Isopescu's research studies, some of which are still cited in specialist works, such as the one on the presence of Romanians in the Italian geographical literature of the 16th century or those on Italian cultural memory in nineteen-century Romanian authors.